Journal of Virology

Avian influenza A viruses, especially highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, pose a significant public health threat, and a multivalent vaccine is the primary prophylactic measure to control these viruses. To establish such a vaccine, we generated two multivalent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine candidates that simultaneously target H5N1 hemagglutinin (H5(05) or H5(22)) and the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) and characterized their ability to induce protective...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that causes lethal diarrhea in neonatal piglets, yet the viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that initiate mucosal antiviral immunity remain poorly defined. Here, integrating intestinal single-cell transcriptomics with in vivo and in vitro infection models, we delineate how PEDV is sensed by host innate immunity. We found that RIG-I, rather than MDA5, functions as the dominant cytosolic sensor that...

The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for maintaining genome integrity in the face of exogenous assault, as well as errors and breaks introduced during DNA replication. The DDR is a complex network of cellular processes that detects the type and severity of DNA damage and coordinates downstream actions. These include activating specific DNA repair pathways, including cell cycle arrest to allow time for repair, and-if the damage is irreparable-triggering apoptosis to eliminate cells...

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key rate-limiting enzyme in NAD^(+) synthesis, plays important roles in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of NAMPT in influenza A virus (IAV) infection and pathogenesis remain ambiguous. Here, in vitro studies showed that NAMPT had profound effects on the replication of IAV. Treatment with the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 or disruption of NAMPT expression markedly attenuated the replication...

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infections cause nearly 5% of cancers worldwide, including cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. HR HPVs sustain long-term infections in stratified epithelial tissues by maintaining copies of viral genomes in basal keratinocytes and utilizing the cellular differentiation processes in the upper layers to coordinate key steps in the viral life cycle. We have demonstrated previously that the endogenous host protein NFX1-123 bound directly to the HR...